The events of the novel are plotted on a temporal axis from the middle forties of the previous century to the middle nineties with a sprinkling of historical references to the colonial boom time in the Overberg during the nineteenth century. The location is a farm 20 kilometers outside of Swellendam beyond the Suurbraak settlement on the farm Grootmoedersdrift (fictional but “generic”) situated on the Klipriver at the foot of the Langeberg mountain range.

The novel deals with the relationship between a 67 year old white woman Milla (the first person narrator and focaliser) in the terminal stages of ALS (motor neuron disease) and her coloured caretaker Agaat. (Agatha)

The nursing situation, acute helplessness of the mute and completely paralysed patient (she can only communicate through eye movements) makes extraordinary demands of her caretaker. The “nurse”, only ever seen through the eyes of the patient, goes about her duties with a mixture of infinite tenderness, sadistic precision and a desperate and passionate undertow of anger about the past as well as sadness of the anticipated loss of her “mistress”. None of these feelings are explicit or articulate. Agaat mostly expresses herself in hackneyed phrases and proverbs and carefully stylized conversational turns and set expressions and allegorical applications of sections from do it yourself farming manuals and embroidery books.

Through flashbacks and lyrical intermezzos provided on other narrative planes of the novel, the history that leads up to this situation is revealed.

As a young woman, Milla more or less “saves” the 5 year old and slightly physically handicapped Agaat from her abusive and impoverished parental home and more or less “adopts” her as her own child and gives her a new home. This initial relationship is of course compromised and structured by the racist and supremacist ideologies rife in Afrikaans community in the sixties as well as the generally punitive and puritan ideas about child rearing at the time.

The child Agaat is therefore trained, tamed and subdued rather than brought up with unconditional love. The fear of God is instilled in her together with a holy respect for the powers of the white church and the white state. She is made to understand “her place”in this configuration of powers. She is forced to work from a very early age and to fall in step with the tough seasonal routines of farm life. She learns the principles of home economics and husbandry, ranging from embroidery to rearing sheep and cattle and growing wheat and vegetables. She is taught to speak a formal idiomatically perfect “safe” and “spotless” Afrikaans. Agaat therefore grows up within a system of structured ambiguity. Care and nurturing and even a good dose of playfulness and humour are always accompanied by harsh discipline and strictly measured out punishment.

When Milla – after seven years of marriage – eventually falls pregnant with her own first child, the coloured girl Agaat, now in her puberty, is abruptly and without warning moved out of her bedroom in the house and made to occupy sparse servants quarters in the backyard.

Almost overnight her adopted mother changes her status from daughter to nanny.

Agaat deals with this trauma by slowly carving out for herself an indispensable role as childminder, as governess, as housekeeper and as a kind of general inspector and surveyor of garden and farmyard. Her revenge is to apply to her masters all the rules that they taught her. She asserts a terrible power by harnessing to herself the means and opportunities of the system that subjugated her.

The other “masters” are of course Milla's husband Jak and the “little master” Kleinjakkie. The former is an emotionally impotent narcissistic wife batterer, a weak, vain and reckless man who trades on his extremely attractive looks and manages to be popular through a nondescript acquiescence to the ruling opinions and powers, the possession of the newest and latest farm implements and gadgets and his prowess as an amateur long distance runner and mountaineer. His lot is not improved by the constant nagging of his wife who dominates him although she is inwardly a very insecure person and never manages to liberate herself completely from the institutional and conventional strongholds of chauvinism. She nevertheless plays a major role in the day to day running of the farm, which is in her name and had come down to her through matrilineal inheritance since the early days of colonial expansion in the district of Swellendam.

Title: Agaat
Author: Marlene Van Niekerk
ISBN: 1868422569
Barcode: 9781868422562
Format: Trade Paperback
Imprint: Jonathan Ball Publishers
Page Extent: Approx 730
Retail Price: R249.95
Publication Date: 15 October 2006

What the Critics are saying!

‘A literary tour de force. Triomf was an urban novel about a dysfunctional Afrikaner family clinging… to supposed white superiority in a rapidly changing country.
Agaat is in many ways the opposite, but elicits just as much discussion and praise.'

Volkskrant
‘Agaat... shook every tenet I had held of what South African fiction might be.... Van Niekerk has set a new standard for the whole of South African writing.’ \

Triomf, originally written and published in Afrikaans, immediately captured the public imagination and proved to be a runaway success.

It was awarded the CNA Literary Award and the M-Net Prize in 1995 as well as the Noma Award for African literature. It is available in an outstanding translation by South African poet Leon de Kock.

This is the story of the four inhabitants of 127 Martha Street in the white suburb of Triomf, built over the ruins of the old Sophiatown, once a vibrant and notorious centre of black city life in Johannesburg. Pop – the angel of peace teetering on the brink of the grave; Treppie – master of misrule and family metaphysician; Mol – the materfamilias in her eternal housecoat and Lambert – the misfit son of the household, are the central characters. Through their eyes the novel probes Afrikaner history and politics of the old South Africa, in order to reveal the bizarre and tragic effects of apartheid on the white lower classes who should have been its main beneficiaries.

Marlene van Niekerk was born in 1954 in the Caledon district in the Western Cape. She studied philosophy, languages and literature at the universities of Stellenbosch, Amsterdam and Witwatersrand. She is lecturer for the Department of Afrikaans and Netherlands at Wits. She is the author of two collections of poetry, Sprokkelster (1976) and Groenster (1983) and a collection of short stories, Die vrou wat haar verkykers vergeet het (1992), which has also been published in a Dutch translation (Arena, Amsterdam (1998). She is presently working on a new novel and a second collection of short stories. She lives in Johannesburg.

South Africa as you've never seen it: a tale of incest and white trash. Funny, feisty, ferociously clever. A dazzling flight of the imagination that is anarchic and at the same time, deadly serious. Read it.' Gillian Slovo

Marlene van Niekerk’s multi-award winning novel Triomf tells the story of the four residents of 127 Martha Street in the then ‘poor white’ suburb of Triomf, built on the ruins of old Sophiatown, once the vibrant and notorious centre of black city life in Johannesburg. This story of a highly dysfunctional Afrikaans family of the time illustrates the fear and trepidation that was felt about the political changes sweeping the land and their earnest and sometimes amusing attempts to make sense of life even under the most abject of circumstances. Triomf relentlessly probes Afrikaner history and politics, revealing the bizarre and tragic effect that apartheid had on the white underclass who should have been its main beneficiaries.

'An astonishing departure for Afrikaans literature ... this is an extraordinary novel and a milestone for South African literature. Those who thought, as I did, that white writing would run out of road in post-apartheid South Africa could not have been more wrong.' Justin Cartwright Daily Telegraph

'The tenderness of the writing, eliciting an unexpected compassion in the reader, is remarkable in a first-time novelist. It is not hard to poke fun at Afrikaners: to reveal their underlying humanity is a much more impressive accomplishment.' David Robson Sunday Telegraph

'Widely considered the outstanding Afrikaans novel of the 1990s ... Triomf is exquisitely written.' The Economist

'Van Niekerk's extraordinary novel, beautifully translated by the South African poet Leon de Kock, offers a devastating glimpse of an under-class locked into a cycle of poverty and despair.'

Won the CNA Literary Award, and M-Net Prize in South Africa.
Won the prestigious Noma Award for the best book in Africa.

R175.00 • ISBN: 978-1-86842-069-8 • May 2009 • TPB • 500 pages World rights • Category: Fiction